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ABSTRACT
One of the most important problems in the construction industry is variation. They occur in every construction project, and the magnitude of these variations varies considerably from project to project. Hence, the variation orders bear great importance right from inception to completion of a construction industry project. Most of the civil engineering projects in Nigeria have experienced a large number of variation orders. The client had to spend more than what was initially estimated in most cases. Sometimes, disputes and unnecessary delays occur due to variations. This study assesses the possible causes of variation orders in civil engineering projects in Nigeria. Data were collected through a literature review and a questionnaire survey administered to professionals engaged in civil engineering construction projects in Nigeria. The study results revealed that 'Client-initiated variations' and 'Poor estimation' are among the four (4) most occurring causes of variations orders in civil engineering projects in Nigeria.
Keywords: Variation, Variation Orders, Civil engineering, Construction, Projects.
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