Language is an area with a higher concentration of theories that assists in language development, and the impact of both teacher and learner are essential.This paper attempts at providing an answer to the topical issues raised by the paper, it symbolically looks at the definition of syntax, history, modern theories of syntax. Categorical grammar, dependency grammar,functionalist grammar, and traditional grammar. It went ahead to discuss certain controversies, of syntactic theory. The paper was concluded with conclusion and recommendations.